Pneumonia is a multifaceted illness with a wide range of clinical manifestations, degree of severity and multiple potential causing microorganisms. Despite the intensive research of recent decades, community-acquired pneumonia remains the third-highest cause of mortality in developed countries and the first due to infections; and hospital-acquired pneumonia is the main cause of death from nosocomial infection in critically ill patients. Guidelines for management of this disease are available world wide, but there are questions which generate controversy, and the latest advances make it difficult to stay them up to date. A multidisciplinary approach can overcome these limitations and can also aid to improve clinical results. Spanish medical societies involved in diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia have made a collaborative effort to actualize and integrate last expertise about this infection. The aim of this paper is to reflect this knowledge, communicated in Fifth Pneumonia Day in Spain. It reviews the most important questions about this disorder, such as microbiological diagnosis, advances in antibiotic and sequential therapy, management of beta-lactam allergic patient, preventive measures, management of unusual or multi-resistant microorganisms and adjuvant or advanced therapies in Intensive Care Unit.
La neumonía es una enfermedad polifacética con una amplia gama de manifestaciones clínicas, niveles de gravedad y microorganismos causantes potenciales. A pesar de la intensa investigación de las últimas décadas, la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad sigue siendo la tercera causa de mortalidad en los países desarrollados y la primera debida a infección; y la neumonía adquirida en el hospital es la principal causa de muerte por infección no torno, como el diagnóstico microbiológico, los avances en la terapia antibiótica y secuencial, el manejo del paciente alérgico a betalactámicos, las medidas preventivas, el manejo de microorganismos inusuales o multirresistentes y las terapias coadyuvantes o avanzadas en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos.
Keywords: Community-acquired pneumonia; aetiology; diagnosis stewardship; epidemiology; healthcare-associated pneumonia; management; nosocomial pneumonia; prevention; therapeutic failure.
©The Author 2024. Published by Sociedad Española de Quimioterapia. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).