Risk factors for corneal conjunctival grafting failure in dogs at four referral centers in the southern United States (203 patients): 2015-2021

Melanie A Mironovich; Renee Carter; Yeji Chun; Braidee C Foote; Diane Van Horn Hendrix; Andrew C Lewin; Chin-Chi Liu; Callie Rogers; Erin M Scott; Mary R Telle

doi:10.1111/vop.13204

Risk factors for corneal conjunctival grafting failure in dogs at four referral centers in the southern United States (203 patients): 2015-2021

Vet Ophthalmol. 2024 Mar 4. doi: 10.1111/vop.13204. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
² College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
³ Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
⁴ Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA.

PMID: 38439580
DOI: 10.1111/vop.13204

Abstract

Objective: To report risk factors associated with conjunctival graft failure in dogs at four referral specialty centers.

Procedures: Records of 203 dogs (229 eyes) undergoing conjunctival graft repair of ulcerative keratitis at four hospitals from 2015 to 2021 were reviewed. Success was defined as full graft integration with globe retention at the last postoperative evaluation; vision status was reported separately. Factors assessed included patient signalment, ophthalmic examination findings, surgical factors, and follow-up information.

Results: Conjunctival graft failure occurred in 11% (25/229) of eyes and was significantly associated with ulcer depth, with corneal perforations having increased odds of graft failure compared with descemetoceles (odds ratio [OR] = 3.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-9.32; p = .03) and stromal ulcers (OR = 10.89 [95% CI 1.38-86.18], p = .02). Brachycephalic dogs were significantly more likely than non-brachycephalic dogs to experience graft failure (OR = 5.02 [95% CI 1.42-17.74], p < .01). Surgery on the opposite eye relative to surgeon handedness was significantly associated with an increased risk of graft failure (OR 4.28 [95% CI 1.53-11.94], p < .01). The use of 7-0 and 8-0 suture versus 9-0 (p = .03) and the use of a combined simple continuous and interrupted pattern (p = .03) were significantly associated with an increased risk of graft failure. At the last follow-up, (median 61.5 days), 87% of dogs were visual.

Conclusions: Corneal perforations, surgery on the opposite eye relative to surgeon handedness, suture size and pattern, and brachycephalic conformation were significantly associated with an increased risk of graft failure in this study. These characteristics can be considered when determining prognosis for ulcerative keratitis requiring surgical intervention.

Keywords: brachycephalic; canine; conjunctival graft; corneal ulceration; perforation.