Nano round polycrystalline adsorbent of chicken bones origin for Congo red dye adsorption

Edwin Andrew Ofudje; Khairia Mohammed Al-Ahmary; Ibtehaj F Alshdoukhi; Mazen Rzeeg Alrahili; Yasar N Kavil; Saeed Saad Alelyani; Ammar M Bakheet; Abdullah G Al-Sehemi

doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57412-4

Nano round polycrystalline adsorbent of chicken bones origin for Congo red dye adsorption

Sci Rep. 2024 Apr 2;14(1):7809. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-57412-4.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemical Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ibafo, Ogun State, Nigeria. ofudjeandrew4real@yahoo.com.
² Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Physics Department, School of Science, Taibah University, Janadah Bin Umayyah Road, 42353, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Marine Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Renewable Environment Company for Environmental Consulting (REC), 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ ChemEconomy, Non Profit Organization for Environment Protection, 46429, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Nano round polycrystalline adsorbent (NRPA) of chicken bones origin was utilize as effective adsorbent in Congo red dye removal via aqueous media. The NRPA adsorbent was prepared via thermal decomposition and its structure was investigated with the aids of Transmission Electron Microscopy, Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX), and X-ray Diffractometer (XRD). A monophasic apatite phase was confirmed from XRD investigation, while functional groups analysis showed that NRPA possessed CO₃^2-_, PO₄^3- and OH^- absorption bands. The maximum adsorption capacities derived from Langmuir isotherm is 98.216 mg g^-1. From the combined values of n from Freundlich and separation factor (R_L) of Langmuir models, the adsorption of CR by NRPA is favourable. Thermodynamic values of 5.280 kJ mol^-1 and 16.403 kJ mol^-1 K^-1 were found for ΔH° and ΔS° respectively. The entire values of ΔG° which ranges from - 35.248 to - 459.68 kJ mol^-1 were all negative at different temperatures. Thus, nano polycrystalline adsorbent of chicken bone origin can serve as excellent adsorbent in Congo red dye removal from waste water.

Keywords: Adsorbent; Chicken; Congo red; Fish bones; Nano-crystalline.

Grants and funding

R.G.P-1/284/44/Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University