Positive end-expiratory pressure and the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing general anaesthesia

J Perioper Pract. 2024 Sep;34(9):264-267. doi: 10.1177/17504589241234191. Epub 2024 Apr 9.

Abstract

Aim of the study: To evaluate the effect of intraoperative positive end-expiratory pressure and driving pressure on the development of postoperative pulmonary complications.

Method: The prospective study included 83 patients undergoing abdominal surgery and receiving general anaesthesia. Patients were divided into two groups: with low intraoperative positive end-expiratory pressure (0-2cm H2O) and with high intraoperative positive end-expiratory pressure (8-10cm H2O). The primary endpoint is the development of postoperative pulmonary complications during follow-up.

Results: The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in the group of low intraoperative positive end-expiratory pressure was 9.8%, while in the group of high positive end-expiratory pressure was 7.1% (p = 0.6), demonstrating that high positive end-expiratory pressure used during general anaesthesia does not affect the frequency of complications (odds ratio = 0.71, p = 0.6). In the multivariate analysis that controls for all confounders, driving pressure resulted in a significant and independent risk factor for complications.

Conclusion: High intraoperative positive end-expiratory pressure does not affect the frequency of postoperative pulmonary complications. The increase in driving pressure is a risk factor for complications. Positive end-expiratory pressure is easily implemented, and its use does not result in significant economic costs.

Keywords: Driving pressure; Intraoperative positive end-expiratory pressure; Postoperative pulmonary complications.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Anesthesia, General* / adverse effects
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Lung Diseases / epidemiology
  • Lung Diseases / etiology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Positive-Pressure Respiration*
  • Postoperative Complications* / epidemiology
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk Factors