Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index Predict Prehypertension Progression and Regression: A Prospective Cohort Study Involving Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Abstract

Background: Limited data are published on the relationship of the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) with prehypertension progression or regression. Therefore, we investigated this association through the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

Methods: Participants with prehypertension were assigned to two groups according to baseline CVAI, and after 4 years of follow-up, their blood pressure was analyzed for deterioration or improvement. We constructed logistic regression models for assessing the association of CVAI with the progression or regression of prehypertension. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was utilized for determining the dose-response association. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also conducted.

Results: The study included 2,057 participants with prehypertension. During the follow-up, 695 participants progressed to hypertension, 561 participants regressed to normotension, and 801 participants remained as prehypertensive. An association was observed between a high CVAI value and a higher incidence of progression to hypertension and between a high CVAI value and a lower incidence of regression to normotension (OR = 1.66 and 0.58, 95% CI: 1.35-2.05 and 0.47-0.73, respectively). The RCS model exhibited a linear association between CVAI and prehypertension progression and regression (all P for non-linear > 0.05). The results of the subgroup and sensitivity analyses agreed with those of the primary analysis.

Conclusions: A significant association was noted between CVAI and prehypertension progression and regression. Thus, as part of the hypertension prevention strategy, monitoring CVAI is crucial in individuals with prehypertension.

Keywords: CHARLS; Chinese visceral adiposity index; blood pressure; hypertension; prehypertension; prehypertension progression; prehypertension regression; prospective cohort study.