Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Key Determinants for Mortality in Burkholderia cepacia Complex Infections

Yusuf Emre Özdemir; Beyza Kaplan-Yapar; Deniz Borcak; Esra Canbolat-Ünlü; Osman Faruk Bayramlar; Zeynep Çizmeci; Kadriye Kart-Yaşar

doi:10.36519/idcm.2023.259

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Key Determinants for Mortality in Burkholderia cepacia Complex Infections

Infect Dis Clin Microbiol. 2023 Sep 30;5(3):239-250. doi: 10.36519/idcm.2023.259. eCollection 2023 Sep.

Authors

Yusuf Emre Özdemir¹, Beyza Kaplan-Yapar¹, Deniz Borcak¹, Esra Canbolat-Ünlü¹, Osman Faruk Bayramlar², Zeynep Çizmeci³, Kadriye Kart-Yaşar¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Türkiye.
² Department of Public Health, Bakırköy District Health Directorate, İstanbul, Türkiye.
³ Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Türkiye.

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to define the clinical features and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Burkholderia cepacia complex infections and to determine the predictors for mortality.

Materials and methods: Our single-center retrospective study included patients with nosocomial B. cepacia complex infection between 2018 and 2022. We evaluated the predictors of 14-day and 28-day mortality by analyzing clinical and microbiological data.

Results: A total of 87 patients were included. Most infections (79.3%) occurred in the intensive care units (ICUs). Among B. cepacia complex isolates, 74.7% were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 70.3% to levofloxacin, 50% to meropenem, and 23.4% to ceftazidime. The rates of 14-day mortality, 28-day mortality, and in-hospital mortality were 41.3% (n=36), 52.8% (n=46), and 64.3% (n=56), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (odds ratio [OR]=1.05, p=0.024), platelet count (OR=1.00, p=0.011), creatinine (OR=2.14, p=0.006), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (OR=1.02, p=0.028) as predictors for 14-day mortality. In addition to NLR (OR=1.07, p=0.014), platelet count (OR=1.00, p=0.039), creatinine (OR=2.05, p=0.008), and AST (OR=1.02, p=0.035), procalcitonin (OR=1.05, p=0.049) was also found as an independent predictor for 28-day mortality. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for predicting 14-day mortality, area under the ROC curve (AUC) values were 0.684 (p=0.003) in NLR, 0.719 (p<0.001) in platelet count, 0.673 (p=0.003) in procalcitonin, 0.743 (p<0.001) in creatinine, and 0.700 (p<0.001) in AST. In ROC curve analysis for predicting 28-day mortality, AUC values were 0.674 (p=0.002) in NLR, 0.651 (p=0.010) in platelet count, 0.638 (p=0.020) in procalcitonin, 0.730 (p<0.001) in creatinine, and 0.692 (p=0.001) in AST.

Conclusion: Increasing antibiotic resistance and higher mortality rates justify that B. cepacia complex is a significant threat to hospitalized patients, especially in ICUs. Elevated levels of NLR, AST, creatinine, procalcitonin, and decreased platelet may predict poor clinical outcomes and could help clinicians in the management of this notorious bacterial pathogen.

Keywords: Burkholderia cepacia complex; antibiotic resistance; antimicrobial susceptibility; mortality; predictors.