Ischemic stroke triggers a complex cascade of cellular and molecular events leading to neuronal damage and tissue injury. This review explores the potential therapeutic avenues targeting cellular signaling pathways implicated in stroke pathophysiology. Specifically, it focuses on the articles that highlight the roles of RhoA/ROCK and mTOR signaling pathways in ischemic brain injury and their therapeutic implications. The RhoA/ROCK pathway modulates various cellular processes, including cytoskeletal dynamics and inflammation, while mTOR signaling regulates cell growth, proliferation, and autophagy. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of targeting these pathways in stroke models, offering insights into potential treatment strategies. However, challenges such as off-target effects and the need for tissue-specific targeting remain. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests the therapeutic potential of MSC secretome in stroke treatment, highlighting the importance of exploring alternative approaches. Future research directions include elucidating the precise mechanisms of action, optimizing treatment protocols, and translating preclinical findings into clinical practice for improved stroke outcomes.
Keywords: EVs; RhoA/ROCK; cerebral ischemia; ischemic stroke; mTOR; secretome; therapy.