Pre-inoculation water deficit effects on grapevine physiology, Xylella fastidiosa titers, and Pierce's disease progression

Abstract

Drought and Pierce's disease are common throughout many grapevine-growing regions such as Mexico and the United States. Yet, how ongoing water deficits affect infections of Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of Pierce's disease, is poorly understood. Symptoms were observed to be significantly more severe in water-stressed plants one month after X. fastidiosa inoculation, and, in one experiment, titers were significantly lower in water-stressed than well-watered grapevines. Host chemistry examinations revealed overall amino acid and phenolic levels did not statistically differ due to water deficits, but sugar levels were significantly greater in water stressed than well-watered plants. Results highlight the need to especially manage Pierce's disease spread in grapevines experiencing drought.

Keywords: Xylella fastidiosa; Amino acids; Drought; Grapevine (Vitis spp.); Phenolics; Pierce’s disease; Plant host resistance; Sugars; Water deficit.