Illustration of the long-term efficacy of pallidal deep brain stimulation in a patient with PKAN dystonia

Affiliations

• ¹ Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: luigi.romito@istituto-besta.it.
• ² Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
• ³ Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
• ⁴ Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
• ⁵ The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
• ⁶ Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
• ⁷ Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
• ⁸ Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.