Objective: To investigate the effect of virtual reality visual training on remodeling optic nerve structures of glaucoma patients and analyze the influencing factors of visual training effect. Methods: A prospective non-randomized controlled trial was conducted. Glaucoma patients who presented to the Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital between October 2021 and October 2022 were collected and divided into the training group or the control group according to their intentions. The training group accepted 3 months of visual training, while the control group did not. Optical coherence tomography was used to examine the disc edge area, cup volume, disc area, cup-to-disc ratio, and other parameters of the optic disc of both eyes of the patients at enrollment and after 3 months, and the changes of each parameter in the two groups were analyzed. Multivariate analysis was performed in the training group to investigate the effects of sex, age, visual field index, and mean defect on visual disc structure changes during visual training. Results: A total of 53 glaucoma patients (101 eyes) were included in the final analysis, among which the training group consisted of 27 cases (51 eyes), with 19 males and 8 females, and the age range was 48.0 (40.0, 61.0) years old. The control group comprised 26 cases (50 eyes), with 26 males and 11 females, and the age range was 54.0 (38.0, 63.0) years old. Compared with the control group, the deviation of cup volume was -0.006(-0.050, 0.015)mm3 (P<0.05), and the deviation of disc edge area was 0.00(-0.04, 0.05)mm2 (P<0. 05)in the visual training group after 3 months of visual training. The gender (OR=4.217, 95%CI=1.188-14.966) may be the influence factor of rim area. While,the mean defect (OR=1.526, 95%CI=0.245-9.491) was not that influential on rim area change. Conclusions: Visual training can increase the disc area and decrease the optic cup volume of the optic nerve in glaucoma patients. The rim area may be increased more easily after visual training in male glaucoma patients.
目的： 探讨青光眼患者接受虚拟现实视觉训练后，视盘相关结构参数的变化情况及影响视盘结构改变的相关因素。 方法： 前瞻性非随机对照试验。收集2021年10月至2022年10月期间就诊于北京世纪坛医院眼科的青光眼患者，根据个人意愿选择进入训练组或对照组，分别给予或不给予3个月的虚拟现实视觉训练。在入组时及3个月后使用相干光层析成像检查患者双眼视盘的盘沿面积、视杯容积、视盘面积、杯盘比等参数，分析两组各参数的变化情况。并对训练组进行多因素分析，采用比值比（OR）分析患者性别、年龄、视野指数和平均缺损等因素对视觉训练影响视盘结构改变作用的影响。 结果： 最终纳入青光眼患者53例（101只眼），其中训练组27例（51只眼），男性19例，女性8例，年龄为48.0（40.0，61.0）岁；对照组26例（50只眼），男性26例，女性11例，年龄为54.0（38.0，63.0）岁。经过3个月视觉训练后，与对照组相比，训练组训练前后的视杯容积差值为-0.006（-0.050，0.015）mm3（P<0.05）、盘沿面积差值为0.00（-0.04，0.05）mm2（P<0.05）。在训练组内，性别（OR=4.217，95%置信区间为1.188~14.966）对视觉训练后盘沿面积的改变有影响作用。平均缺损值（OR=1.526，95%置信区间为0.245~9.491）对视觉训练后盘沿面积的改变无显著影响作用。 结论： 虚拟现实视觉训练可以使青光眼患者视盘的盘沿面积增大、视杯容积减小；男性青光眼患者的盘沿面积在视觉训练后更易增加。.