Prevalence of skin problems caused by insulin pump therapy and associated factors in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A large cross-sectional survey in China

Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2024 Jun:212:111714. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111714. Epub 2024 May 18.

Abstract

Aims: To document the prevalence of skin problems associated with insulin pump use and identify contributing factors among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in China.

Methods: In total, 461 children were recruited from an online community (i.e., a Wechat group) of pediatric patients with T1DM. A self-developed questionnaire was filled in by parents, collecting the information on social demographics, disease, and insulin pump therapy related characteristics and skin problems. We applied the Mann-Whitney U test, Chi square test and logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with skin problems.

Results: Of the 461 responders, 308 (66.8 %) children were reported to have skin problems. More specifically, 38.8 % had pigmentation changes, 22.3 % allergy/dermatitis, 20.2 % scaring, 11.5 % pain, 10.8 % infection, 10.6 % subcutaneous lipohypertrophy, and 6.1 % lipoatrophy. Logistic regression analysis showed that independent associated factors of skin problems were the caregiver's educational level as college or above, patient having skin allergies, and using the Brand 2 insulin pump (p values < 0.05).

Conclusions: The present study documents the prevalence of skin problems and identifies associated factors, such as caregiver's education, patients skin allergies, and using a specific brand of pump. Health education should address these factors in addition to the traditionally emphasized factors.

Keywords: Children; Insulin pump therapy; Skin problems; Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • China / epidemiology
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / drug therapy
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / administration & dosage
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / adverse effects
  • Insulin Infusion Systems* / adverse effects
  • Insulin* / administration & dosage
  • Insulin* / adverse effects
  • Insulin* / therapeutic use
  • Male
  • Prevalence
  • Skin Diseases* / chemically induced
  • Skin Diseases* / epidemiology
  • Surveys and Questionnaires

Substances

  • Insulin
  • Hypoglycemic Agents