Antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of Solanum lasiocarpum root extract synthesized silver/silver chloride nanoparticles against Staphylococcus haemolyticus associated with bovine mastitis

Phitchayapak Wintachai; Nannapat Jaroensawat; Phimphaka Harding; Theanchai Wiwasuku; Watcharapong Mitsuwan; Abdi Wira Septama

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106724

Antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of Solanum lasiocarpum root extract synthesized silver/silver chloride nanoparticles against Staphylococcus haemolyticus associated with bovine mastitis

Microb Pathog. 2024 Jul:192:106724. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106724. Epub 2024 Jun 2.

Authors

Phitchayapak Wintachai¹, Nannapat Jaroensawat², Phimphaka Harding³, Theanchai Wiwasuku⁴, Watcharapong Mitsuwan⁵, Abdi Wira Septama⁶

Affiliations

¹ School of Science, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand; Functional Materials and Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand. Electronic address: phitchayapak.wi@wu.ac.th.
² School of Science, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand.
³ School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
⁴ School of Science, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand; Functional Materials and Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand.
⁵ Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand; One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil and Bio-active Compound, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand.
⁶ Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Banten, 15314, Indonesia.

PMID: 38834135
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106724

Abstract

Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a cause of bovine mastitis, leading to inflammation in the mammary gland. This bacterial infection adversely affects animal health, reducing milk quality and yield. Its emergence has been widely reported, representing a significant economic loss for dairy farms. Interestingly, S. haemolyticus exhibits higher levels of antimicrobial resistance than other coagulase-negative Staphylococci. In this study, we synthesized silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl-NPs) using Solanum lasiocarpum root extract and evaluated their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against S. haemolyticus. The formation of the Ag/AgCl-NPs was confirmed using UV-visible spectroscopy, which revealed maximum absorption at 419 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated the crystalline nature of the Ag/AgCl-NPs, exhibiting a face-centered cubic lattice. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy elucidated the functional groups potentially involved in the Ag/AgCl-NPs synthesis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that the average particle size of the Ag/AgCl-NPs was 10 nm. Antimicrobial activity results indicated that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and maximum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the Ag/AgCl-NPs treatment were 7.82-15.63 μg/mL towards S. haemolyticus. Morphological changes in bacterial cells treated with the Ag/AgCl-NPs were observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Ag/AgCl-NPs reduced both the biomass of biofilm formation and preformed biofilm by approximately 20.24-94.66 % and 13.67-88.48 %. Bacterial viability within biofilm formation and preformed biofilm was reduced by approximately 21.56-77.54 % and 18.9-71.48 %, respectively. This study provides evidence of the potential of the synthesized Ag/AgCl-NPs as an antibacterial and antibiofilm agent against S. haemolyticus.

Keywords: Biofilms; Bioinspired nanomaterials; Silver chloride nanoparticles; Silver nanoparticals; Solanum lasiocarpum; Staphylococcus haemolyticus.

MeSH terms

Animals
Anti-Bacterial Agents* / chemistry
Anti-Bacterial Agents* / pharmacology
Biofilms* / drug effects
Cattle
Female
Mastitis, Bovine* / drug therapy
Mastitis, Bovine* / microbiology
Metal Nanoparticles* / chemistry
Microbial Sensitivity Tests*
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
Plant Extracts* / chemistry
Plant Extracts* / pharmacology
Plant Roots* / chemistry
Silver Compounds* / chemistry
Silver Compounds* / pharmacology
Silver* / chemistry
Silver* / pharmacology
Solanum* / chemistry
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Staphylococcal Infections / drug therapy
Staphylococcal Infections / microbiology
Staphylococcus haemolyticus* / drug effects
X-Ray Diffraction

Substances

Plant Extracts
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Silver
Silver Compounds
silver chloride