Atypical Presentation of Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) in a Patient on Pembrolizumab: A Case Report

Cureus. 2024 May 7;16(5):e59804. doi: 10.7759/cureus.59804. eCollection 2024 May.

Abstract

Pembrolizumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that has been associated with numerous immune-mediated adverse effects. Several of these cutaneous side effects may include bullous pemphigoid, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Other case reports have reported DRESS as a rare side effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors but due to its variable presentation and similarities with other cutaneous diseases, it has proven to be a diagnostic challenge. In addition, no effective methods have been developed to monitor for such adverse skin reactions in patients on immunotherapy. Here, we report a diagnostic challenging case of pembrolizumab-induced blistering lesions that were initially treated as suspected Herpes zoster and/or bullous pemphigoid but further pathology was consistent with DRESS.

Keywords: cancer immunotherapy; drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (dress); immunotherapy side effects; pembrolizumab cutaneous side effect; pembrolizumab side effect.

Publication types

  • Case Reports