Protective roles of thrombomodulin in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through the inhibition of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress

Sci Rep. 2024 Jun 18;14(1):14004. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-64619-y.

Abstract

Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent widely used for the treatment of various solid tumors. However, cisplatin has an important limitation in its use; currently, there is no method to ameliorate cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Thrombomodulin (TM) is well known not only for its role as a cofactor in the clinically important natural anticoagulation pathway but also for its anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we investigated the effects of TM in cisplatin-induced AKI. In mice intraperitoneally injected with 15 mg/kg cisplatin, TM (10 mg/kg) or PBS was administered intravenously at 24 h after cisplatin injection. TM significantly attenuated cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity with the suppressed elevation of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, and reduced histological damages. Actually, TM treatment significantly alleviated oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cisplatin-treated renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs) in vitro. Furthermore, TM clarified cisplatin-induced apoptosis by reducing caspase-3 levels. In addition, TM attenuated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling pathway in both renal tissues and RPTECs to protect the kidneys from cisplatin-induced AKI. These findings suggest that TM is a potential protectant against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through suppressing ROS generation and ER stress in response to cisplatin.

Keywords: Acute kidney injury; Cisplatin; Mice; Thrombomodulin; Tubular cells.

MeSH terms

  • Acute Kidney Injury* / chemically induced
  • Acute Kidney Injury* / drug therapy
  • Acute Kidney Injury* / metabolism
  • Acute Kidney Injury* / pathology
  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents / adverse effects
  • Antineoplastic Agents / toxicity
  • Apoptosis* / drug effects
  • Blood Urea Nitrogen
  • Cisplatin* / adverse effects
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress* / drug effects
  • Kidney / drug effects
  • Kidney / metabolism
  • Kidney / pathology
  • Kidney Tubules, Proximal / drug effects
  • Kidney Tubules, Proximal / metabolism
  • Kidney Tubules, Proximal / pathology
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Oxidative Stress* / drug effects
  • Reactive Oxygen Species* / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Thrombomodulin* / metabolism

Substances

  • Cisplatin
  • Thrombomodulin
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • Antineoplastic Agents