Follow-up After Donor Nephrectomy in Living Kidney Donors: How to Manage Living Kidney Donors Postoperatively

Abstract

Background/aim: This study investigated the follow-up rate of living kidney donors and explored the factors related to continuous follow-up and remnant renal function, enabling the optimal management of living kidney donors.

Patients and methods: We retrospectively evaluated 180 living kidney donors who underwent donor nephrectomies at our institute. Clinical information was obtained from medical charts, and remnant renal function was defined as the estimated glomerular filtration rate 12 months after donor nephrectomy.

Results: Overall, 6/180 donors (3.3%) were lost to follow-up within a year, and the follow-up rate gradually declined yearly. Independent risk factors for loss to follow-up included a follow-up period <60 months and graft survival of the recipient (p=0.002 and p=0.043, respectively). Recipient survival was correlated with loss to follow-up; however, this was not significant (p=0.051). Regarding remnant renal function, age ≥60 years, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate <74 ml/min/1.73 m², and a Δsingle-kidney estimated glomerular filtration rate <9.3 ml/min/1.73m² were independent risk factors for poorly preserved remnant renal function (p=0.036, p<0.0001, and p<0.0001, respectively). Using propensity score matching to adjust for preoperative factors, a Δsingle-kidney estimated glomerular filtration rate <9.3 ml/min/1.73 m² was the only significant postoperative factor for poorly preserved remnant renal function (p=0.023).

Conclusion: An increased 5-year follow-up rate could lead to an increase in long-term follow-up, and recipient prognosis may be correlated with the living kidney donor follow-up status. Furthermore, Δsingle-kidney estimated glomerular filtration rate was identified as a factor for establishing the optimal precision follow-up management of living kidney donors.

Keywords: Donor nephrectomy; follow-up; living donor kidney transplantation; living kidney donor; remnant renal function.