To understand the progress of national schistosomiasis elimination program of China in 2023 and summarize the lessons and experiences, data on the endemic status of schistosomiasis and national schistosomiasis surveillance results in the People's Republic of China were collected and analyzed at a national level. By the end of 2023, Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region continued to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis elimination, and Sichuan and Jiangsu provinces maintained the criteria of transmission interruption, while Yunnan and Hubei provinces were identified to achieve the criteria of transmission interruption in 2020, and Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan provinces achieved the criteria of transmission interruption in 2023. A total of 451 counties (cites, districts) were found to be endemic for schistosomiasis in China in 2023, including 26 250 endemic villages covering 73 034 500 residents at risk of infections. Among the 451 endemic counties (cities, districts), 78.49% (354/451) achieved the criteria of schistosomiasis elimination and 21.51% (97/451) achieved the criteria of transmission interruption, respectively. In 2023, a total of 4 216 643 individuals received immunological tests, with 47 794 sero-positives identified, and a total of 184 216 individuals received parasitological examinations, with 4 egg-positives detected. A total of 27 768 cases with advanced schistosomiasis were documented in China by the end of 2023. In 2023, 539 548 bovines were raised in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China, and 125 440 bovines received immunological tests, with 124 sero-positives detected, while no egg-positives were identified among the 133 508 bovines receiving parasitological examinations. In 2023, snail survey was performed at an area of 641 339.53 hm2 and 184 819.77 hm2 snail habitats were identified, including 51.53 hm2 emerging snail habitats and 642.25 hm2 reemerging snail habitats. In 2023, there were 20 198 schistosomiasis patients receiving praziquantel chemotherapy, and 598 183 person-time individuals and 283 954 herdtime bovines were given expanded chemotherapy. In 2023, snail control with chemical treatment was performed in 116 347.95 hm2 snail habitats, and the actual area of chemical treatment was 65 690.89 hm2, while environmental improvements were performed in snail habitats covering an area of 1 334.62 hm2. The national schistosomiasis surveillance results showed that the mean prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections were both zero among humans and bovines in 2023, and no S. japonicum infection was detected in snails. These data demonstrated that transmission interruption of schistosomiasis had been achieved across all endemic provinces in China in 2023, and the endemic status of schistosomiasis tended to be stable, while advanced cases were predominant among all schistosomiasis cases. However, the areas of snail habitats remained high and cattle re-raising was very common in some regions. Intensified schistosomiasis surveillance and forecast and snail control in high-risk areas are needed.
［摘要］ 为了解全国血吸虫病消除工作进展、总结防治经验及存 在的问题, 本文对2023年全国血吸虫病疫情和监测结果进行了概 括分析。截至2023年底, 上海、浙江、福建、广东、广西等5个省 (直辖市、自治区) 继续维持血吸虫病消除状态, 四川、江苏省继续 维持传播阻断标准, 云南、湖北省于2020年达到传播阻断标准, 安 徽、江西、湖南省于2023年新达到传播阻断标准。2023年, 全国 共有451个血吸虫病流行县 (市、区) 、26 250个流行村, 流行村总 人口7 303.45万人; 451个流行县 (市、区) 中, 354个 (78.49%) 已达 到血吸虫病消除标准、97个 (21.51%) 已达到传播阻断标准。2023 年全国共开展居民血吸虫病免疫学检查4 216 643例, 阳性47 794 例; 开展病原学检查184 216例, 阳性4例; 全国尚存晚期血吸虫病 患者27 768例。2023年全国血吸虫病流行村现有存栏牛539 548 头, 累计开展免疫学检查查病125 440头, 阳性124头; 病原学检查查病133 508头, 未发现阳性。全国累计开展钉螺调查 641 339.53 hm2, 查出有螺面积184 819.77 hm2, 其中新发现有螺面积51.53 hm2、复现有螺面积642.25 hm2。2023年, 全国 累计治疗血吸虫病患者20 198例, 人群病原学扩大治疗598 183例·次, 牛病原学扩大治疗283 954头·次; 全国累计开展 药物灭螺116 347.95 hm2, 实际药物灭螺65 690.89 hm2, 环境改造灭螺1 334.62 hm2。2023年, 全国血吸虫病监测结果显 示人、畜血吸虫感染率均为0, 未发现感染性钉螺。疫情数据分析显示, 2023年全国所有流行省份均达到血吸虫病传播 阻断标准、疫情趋于稳定, 血吸虫病病例以晚期病例为主; 但钉螺面积居高不下, 部分地区牛复养现象严重。需继续加强 血吸虫病监测预警, 做好重点地区钉螺控制工作。.
Keywords: China; Elimination; Endemic situation; Schistosomiasis; Surveillance.