Cisplatin eligibility in the neoadjuvant setting of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy

Oncologist. 2024 Nov 4;29(11):e1511-e1522. doi: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae160.

Abstract

Background: To examine the agreement of different calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) formulas and measured creatinine clearance (CrCI) at the primary diagnosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Materials and methods: We performed a multicenter analysis of patients with MIBC, treated with cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and radical cystectomy (RC), or with RC alone, between 2011 and 2021. Baseline eGFR was computed using 4 calculated serum equations including Cockcroft-Gault (CG), MDRD, CKD-EPI 2009, and race-free CKD-EPI 2021. To examine the association between calculated eGFR and measured CrCI, subgroup analyses were performed among patients in whom measured 24-hour urine CrCl was determined. Cisplatin-ineligibility was defined as CrCI and/or eGFR < 60 mL/minute per 1.73 m2.

Results: Of 956 patients, 30.0%, 33.3%, 31.9%, and 27.7% were found to be cisplatin-ineligible by the CG, MDRD, CKD-EPI, and race-free CKD-EPI equations (P = .052). The concordance between calculated eGFR formulas was rated substantial (Cohen's kappa (k): 0.66-0.95). Among the subgroup (n = 245) with measured CrCl, 37 (15.1%) patients had a CrCI less than 60 mL/minute. Concordance between measured CrCl and calculated eGFR was poor (ĸ: 0.29-0.40). All calculated eGFR formulas markedly underestimated the measured CrCI. Specifically, 78%-87.5% of patients with a calculated eGFR between 40 and 59 mL/minute exhibited a measured CrCI ≥ 60 mL/minute.

Conclusions: Comparing calculated eGFR formulas, similar percentages of patients with MIBC were deemed cisplatin-ineligible. However, a significant number of patients could be upgraded by being cisplatin-fit based on measured CrCI, particularly when the calculated eGFR was falling within the gray range of 40-59 mL/minute.

Keywords: cisplatin eligibility; creatinine clearance; kidney function; muscle-invasive bladder cancer; neoadjuvant chemotherapy; radical cystectomy.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Cisplatin* / therapeutic use
  • Cystectomy* / methods
  • Female
  • Glomerular Filtration Rate*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoadjuvant Therapy* / methods
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness
  • Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* / drug therapy
  • Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* / surgery

Substances

  • Cisplatin