A Minimalist Iron Oxide Nanoprobe for the High-Resolution Depiction of Stroke by Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging

Small. 2024 Nov;20(44):e2401061. doi: 10.1002/smll.202401061. Epub 2024 Jul 4.

Abstract

The precise mapping of collateral circulation and ischemic penumbra is crucial for diagnosing and treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Unfortunately, there exists a significant shortage of high-sensitivity and high-resolution in vivo imaging techniques to fulfill this requirement. Herein, a contrast enhanced susceptibility-weighted imaging (CE-SWI) using the minimalist dextran-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Dextran NPs) are introduced for the highly sensitive and high-resolution AIS depiction under 9.4 T for the first time. The Fe3O4@Dextran NPs are synthesized via a simple one-pot coprecipitation method using commercial reagents under room temperature. It shows merits of small size (hydrodynamic size 25.8 nm), good solubility, high transverse relaxivity (r2) of 51.3 mM-1s-1 at 9.4 T, and superior biocompatibility. The Fe3O4@Dextran NPs-enhanced SWI can highlight the cerebral vessels readily with significantly improved contrast and ultrahigh resolution of 0.1 mm under 9.4 T MR scanner, enabling the clear spatial identification of collateral circulation in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. Furthermore, Fe3O4@Dextran NPs-enhanced SWI facilitates the precise depiction of ischemia core, collaterals, and ischemic penumbra post AIS through matching analysis with other multimodal MR sequences. The proposed Fe3O4@Dextran NPs-enhanced SWI offers a high-sensitivity and high-resolution imaging tool for individualized characterization and personally precise theranostics of stroke patients.

Keywords: Fe3O4; SWI; collateral circulation; ischemic penumbra; stroke.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Contrast Media / chemistry
  • Dextrans / chemistry
  • Ferric Compounds / chemistry
  • Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / diagnostic imaging
  • Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles / chemistry
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging* / methods
  • Male
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Stroke* / diagnostic imaging

Substances

  • Dextrans
  • Ferric Compounds
  • ferric oxide
  • Contrast Media