The European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS): fourth Paediatric EUROMACS (Paedi-EUROMACS) report

Abstract

Objectives: The use of ventricular assist devices (VADs) in children is increasing. However, absolute numbers in individual centres and countries remain small. Collaborative efforts such as the Paedi-European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS) are therefore essential for combining international experience with paediatric VADs. Our goal was to present the results from the fourth Paedi-EUROMACS report.

Methods: All paediatric (<19 years) patients from the EUROMACS database supported by a VAD were included. Patients were stratified into a congenital heart disease (CHD) group and a group with a non-congenital aetiology. End points included mortality, a transplant and recovery. Cox proportional hazard models were used to explore associated factors for mortality, cerebrovascular accident and pump thrombosis.

Results: A total of 590 primary implants were included. The congenital group was significantly younger (2.5 vs 8.0 years, respectively, P < 0.001) and was more commonly supported by a pulsatile flow device (73.5% vs 59.9%, P < 0.001). Mortality was significantly higher in the congenital group (30.8% vs 20.4%, P = 0.009) than in the non-congenital group. However, in multivariable analyses, CHD was not significantly associated with mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.285; confidence interval (CI) 0.8111-2.036, P = 0.740]. Pump thrombosis was the most frequently reported adverse event (377 events in 132 patients; 0.925 events per patient-year) and was significantly associated with body surface area (HR 0.524, CI 0.333-0.823, P = 0.005), CHD (HR 1.641, CI 1.054-2.555, P = 0.028) and pulsatile flow support (HR 2.345, CI 1.406-3.910, P = 0.001) in multivariable analyses.

Conclusions: This fourth Paedi-EUROMACS report highlights the increasing use of paediatric VADs. The patient populations with congenital and non-congenital aetiologies exhibit distinct characteristics and clinical outcomes.

Keywords: EUROMACS; Mechanical circulatory support; Paediatric; Transplantation; Ventricular assist device.