Causality between six psychiatric disorders and digestive tract cancers risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Sci Rep. 2024 Jul 19;14(1):16689. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-66535-7.

Abstract

Associations between psychiatric disorders and digestive tract cancers have been proposed. However, the causal link between these factors remains unclear. This study pioneers Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the genetic link between psychiatric disorders and digestive tract cancers risk. We analysed data on six psychiatric disorders [schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and panic disorder (PD)] and digestive tract cancers [esophagus cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), and colorectal cancer (CRC)] from genome-wide association studies databases. Using instrumental variables identified from significant single nucleotide polymorphism associations, we employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method alongside the weighted median (WM) method and MR-Egger regression. The results revealed no causal link between psychiatric disorders and the risk of EC or GC. Psychiatric disorders were not identified as risk factors for CRC. Notably, PD demonstrated a lower CRC risk (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.66-0.93, P = 0.01). This MR analysis underscores the lack of a causal association between psychiatric disorders and digestive tract cancers risk while suggesting a potential protective effect of PD against CRC.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer; Esophagus cancer; Gastric cancer; Mendelian randomization; Psychiatric disorders.

MeSH terms

  • Depressive Disorder, Major / epidemiology
  • Depressive Disorder, Major / genetics
  • Digestive System Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Digestive System Neoplasms / etiology
  • Digestive System Neoplasms / genetics
  • Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / genetics
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  • Genome-Wide Association Study*
  • Humans
  • Mendelian Randomization Analysis*
  • Mental Disorders* / epidemiology
  • Mental Disorders* / genetics
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide*
  • Risk Factors