Is serum albumin a pivotal biomarker in anticipating acute pancreatitis outcomes?

BMC Gastroenterol. 2024 Jul 24;24(1):234. doi: 10.1186/s12876-024-03314-8.

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the significance of serum albumin levels within 24 h of patient admission in correlation with the incidence of outcomes and mortality in patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. A retrospective study was conducted over a 5-year period, from January 2018 to December 2023, at the Mohammed VI University Hospital in Oujda, Morocco. The study included 371 patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Hypoalbuminemia (≤ 30 g/L) was observed in 124 patients (33.4% of cases), and these patients had a higher mean age compared to those with normal albumin levels (P = 0.003). Hypoalbuminemia was significantly associated with persistent Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) (70.8% vs. 29.2%, P = 0.000), a higher BISAP score (66.7% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.000), and a higher CTSI score (51.7% vs. 48.3%, P = 0.000). Hypoalbuminemia was also associated with the presence of pleural effusion (P = 0.000). The mortality in the sample was 4.6%, and it was significantly associated with hypoalbuminemia (76.5%, P = 0.000). In conclusion, serum albumin levels within 24 h of patient admission appear to be a significant prognostic biomarker in acute pancreatitis, particularly in anticipating persistent organ failure and mortality.

Keywords: Acute Pancreatitis; Clinical outcomes; Hypoalbuminemia; Mortality; Prognosis; Serum albumin; Severity scores.

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Biomarkers* / blood
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypoalbuminemia* / blood
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Morocco / epidemiology
  • Pancreatitis* / blood
  • Pancreatitis* / diagnosis
  • Pancreatitis* / mortality
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Serum Albumin* / analysis
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome* / blood
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome* / diagnosis

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Serum Albumin