Long-COVID symptom monitoring: Insights from a two-year telemedicine study

PLoS One. 2024 Jul 26;19(7):e0307834. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307834. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Background: The diverse manifestations of Long-COVID have become increasingly important due to their significant impact on patients' lives. Telemedicine has emerged as an important tool for post COVID-19 follow-up. This study is part of a large cohort study involving COVID-positive patients monitored by the COD19 telemedicine platform operations center. We recontacted patients who were initially monitored from February 2020 to May 2020 to assess the presence of Long-COVID symptoms at a 2-year follow-up.

Methods: We conducted interviews to evaluate Long-COVID symptoms at the 2-year mark and investigated whether patients had contracted a second COVID-19 infection between the 1-year and 2-year follow-ups, and recorded their vaccination status.

Results: Out of 165 patients, 139 (84%) reported symptoms at the 1-year follow-up, while only 101 (61%) reported symptoms at the 2-year follow-up. Among patients with Long-COVID symptoms at the 2-year follow-up, the majority (80, 49%) had experienced Long-COVID at the 1-year follow-up, received the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and had not experienced a second infection between the two follow-ups. Both having Long-COVID at the 1-year follow-up and contracting a second infection were significant risk factors for presenting with Long-COVID at the 2-year follow-up.

Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study stands out as one of the few that includes a 2-year follow-up on Long-COVID symptoms using telemedicine. Telemedicine has proven to be an effective and innovative tool for long-term patient monitoring, early diagnosis, and treatment. Telemedicine represents a significant future challenge for healthcare.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • COVID-19 Vaccines
  • COVID-19* / diagnosis
  • COVID-19* / epidemiology
  • COVID-19* / virology
  • Cohort Studies
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
  • SARS-CoV-2* / isolation & purification
  • Telemedicine*

Substances

  • COVID-19 Vaccines

Grants and funding

The project received contributions from (1) Bando Cariplo Networking research & training post-COVID protocol number 2021–4490; (2) HORIZON-HLTH-2021-CORONA-01 CoVICIS project number 101046041; (3) PRIN: research projects of significant national interest - 2022 call prot. 20228pnnjl.