Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and causes of death of patients with pneumoconiosis, and to provide evidence for the prevention and management of pneumoconiosis. Methods: From June 2022 to July 2023, 38 dead patients with pneumoconiosis confirmed by Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine were selected as the research objects. The clinical data of patients were collected through hospital information system (HIS) and laboratory information management system (LIS) to analyze the basic situation of patients with pneumoconiosis who died, the distribution of industry types, the course of disease, the nature of work, the type of reimbursement, complications/comorbidities, and the direct causes of death. Univariate analysis of variance was used to compare the course of pneumoconiosis death in patients with different age of exposure to dust. Results: Among the 38 patients with pneumoconiosis, there were 37 males and 1 female. The age of exposure to dust was 5-37 (19.29±8.17) years, the duration of disease was 5-41 (20.26±8.53) years, and the age of death was 27-86 (70.42±12.26) years old. There were 10 cases of stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis, 18 cases of stage Ⅱ, 10 cases of stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis and 32 cases (84.21%) of silicosis. There were 30 (78.95%) people aged ≥65 years and 8 (21.05%) people aged <65 years. The industry was mainly metal products (18 workers, 47.37%), and the distribution of work was mainly excavation workers (11 workers, 28.95%). The death course of pneumoconiosis patients with 10-<30 years of exposure to dust accounted for 76.32% (29/38). The average course of pneumoconiosis patients with 20-<30 years of exposure to dust was the longest[ (24.00±9.39) years], and there was no statistically significant difference in the average course of disease among different age of exposure to dust groups (F=1.81, P=0.165). The working units of the deceased patients were private enterprises or factories, and the hospitalization expenses were borne by individuals for 21 people (55.26%). The working unit was a state-owned enterprise, and 17 people (44.74%) were reimbursed for hospitalization expenses and work-related injuries. The main comorbidities/complications of pneumoconiosis patients were respiratory infection in 18 cases (47.37%) and chronic pulmonary heart disease (47.37%). The top 3 direct causes of death were pneumoconiosis in 13 cases (34.21%), pulmonary infection in 10 cases (26.32%) and lung cancer in 7 cases (18.42%) . Conclusion: Most of 38 cases of pneumoconiosis patients death diseases such as multiple combination of respiratory system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system disease is a major cause of death in pneumoconiosis patients.
目的： 分析尘肺病死亡患者的临床特征及死亡原因，为尘肺病的防治和管理提供依据。 方法： 于2022年6月至2023年7月，以山东省职业卫生与职业病防治研究院确诊38例死亡尘肺病患者为研究对象。通过医院管理信息系统（HIS）、实验室信息管理系统（LIS）调取患者临床资料，分析尘肺病死亡患者的基本情况、行业工种分布、病程、工作性质、报销类型、并发症/合并症，以及直接死亡原因等内容。用单因素方差分析比较不同接尘工龄尘肺病死亡患者的病程差异。 结果： 38例死亡尘肺病患者中男性37人、女性1人，接尘工龄5~37（19.29±8.17）年，病程5~41（20.26±8.53）年，死亡年龄27~86（70.42±12.26）岁。尘肺壹期10例、贰期18例、叁期10例，矽肺32例（84.21%）。年龄分布≥65岁30人（78.95%），<65岁8人（21.05%）。从事行业以金属制品业（18人，47.37%）为主，工种分布以掘进工（11人，28.95%）为主。接尘工龄10~<30年的死亡尘肺病患者占76.32%（29/38），接尘工龄20~<30年的尘肺病患者平均病程最长[（24.00±9.39）年]，不同工龄组平均病程差异无统计学意义（F=1.81，P=0.165）。死亡患者工作单位为私人企业或工厂，住院费用个人承担为21人（55.26%）；工作单位为国企，住院费用工伤报销17人（44.74%）。死亡尘肺病患者合并症/并发症主要为呼吸系统感染18例（47.37%）、慢性肺源性心脏病（肺心病）18例（47.37%）。直接死因居前3位的分别为尘肺病13例（34.21%）、肺部感染10例（26.32%）和肺癌7例（18.42%）。 结论： 38例死亡尘肺病患者多合并呼吸系统、心血管系统疾病，呼吸系统疾病是导致尘肺病患者死亡的主要原因。.
Keywords: Cause of death; Clinical characteristics; Pneumoconiosis; Silicosis.