Influencing factors of different metabolic status in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia

Mubing Ding; Shaotong Zhang; Zaochen Zhu; Renliang Cai; Jin Fang; Chao Zhou; Xiangrong Zhang; Xinyu Fang

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1436142

Influencing factors of different metabolic status in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia

Front Psychiatry. 2024 Jul 18:15:1436142. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1436142. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Mubing Ding^#^{1

2}, Shaotong Zhang^#², Zaochen Zhu^#², Renliang Cai², Jin Fang², Chao Zhou², Xiangrong Zhang², Xinyu Fang²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Wuhu Hospital & Wuhu Fourth People's Hospital, Wuhu, China.
² Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors for different metabolic status in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: A total of 968 hospitalized patients with schizophrenia were recruited. Fasting blood glucose (GLU) and lipid profile, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were measured. Schizophrenia patients were divided into four groups: normal metabolism and weight (NMNW), abnormal metabolism and normal weight (AMNW), normal metabolism and overweight/obesity (NMO), and abnormal metabolism and overweight/obesity (AMO).

Results: Our results showed that NMNW, AMNW, NMO, and AMO accounted for 25.3%, 12.7%, 25.4%, and 36.6%, respectively. There were significant differences in age, disease duration, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, chronic disease, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), GLU, TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C among these four groups (all p < 0.05). With the NMNW group as the reference, the disordered multiple classification regression analysis showed that chronic disease was a significant risk factor for AMNW (OR = 5.271, 95% CI = 3.165 to 8.780, p < 0.001) and AMO (OR = 3.245, 95% CI = 2.004 to 5.254, p < 0.001), age was an important protective factor for NMO (OR = 0.968, 95% CI = 0.943 to 0.994, p = 0.015) and AMO (OR = 0.973, 95% CI = 0.948 to 0.999, p < 0.042), waist circumference was a significant risk factor for NMO (OR = 1.218, 95% CI = 1.180 to 1.257, p < 0.001) and AMO (OR = 1.252, 95% CI = 1.212 to 1.291, p < 0.001), and college education was an obvious protective factor for AMO (OR = 0.343, 95% CI = 0.123 to 0.953, p < 0.040) among patients with schizophrenia.

Conclusion: The findings of our study underscored the importance of factors such as age, education level, chronic disease, and waist circumference when exploring the influencing factors and biological mechanisms of obesity-related metabolic problems in schizophrenia patients.

Keywords: glucose; lipid; metabolism; obesity; risk factors; schizophrenia.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2018YFC1314300 and 2016YFC1307002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82371510, 81971255, 81571314 and 82101572), Social Development Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (No. BE2023668 and No. BE2019610), Jiangsu Provincial Medical Talent project (ZDRCA2016075), Nanjing Major Science and Technology Project (Life and Health, No 202305035), the Key Project supported by Medical Science and Technology Development Foundation, Nanjing Department of Health (YKK20090), and the Science and Technology Development Program of Nanjing Medical University (NMUB2019107).