Low Dietary Flavonoid Consumption Is Associated to Severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Beatrice Kölbel; Stefanie Hamacher; Martin Hellmich; Wolfgang Kruis

doi:10.1016/j.gastha.2023.08.015

Low Dietary Flavonoid Consumption Is Associated to Severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Gastro Hep Adv. 2023 Sep 3;3(1):31-37. doi: 10.1016/j.gastha.2023.08.015. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Beatrice Kölbel¹, Stefanie Hamacher², Martin Hellmich², Wolfgang Kruis¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Kalk, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
² Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Abstract

Background and aims: Associations between diet habits and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been widely described. Flavonoids are taken with vegetables, fruits, and green tea. Because of barrier-protective and anti-inflammatory effects, flavonoid consumption (FC) may influence the severity of IBD. The aim of this study was to reveal the role of FC in the course and severity of IBD.

Methods: A prospective cohort study including 204 IBD patients (Crohn's disease n = 126, ulcerative colitis n = 78) was conducted between 2016 and 2021. FC was calculated using questionnaires. In addition to standard activity scores and different treatments, a "severity index" was related to individual FC. Differences between groups and odds ratios were analyzed.

Results: Inverse correlation (r = -0.0549; P = .01) between FC and severity of IBD was found. Patients were assigned to 3 different severity index ranges: mild, moderate, and severe disease. FC of patients with severe disease (331 ± 330 mg/week) was less than FC of patients with mild (1404 ± 1086 mg/ week) disease (P < .001). The risk of IBD patients with low FC (1000 mg/week) experiencing overall severe disease was 17 times increased (P < .001) compared to patients with high FC (>1000 mg/week). Patients with UC and low FC had a 9.6-times higher risk for disease progression (P < .001).

Conclusion: Consumption of dietary flavonoids and the overall severity of IBD are inversely correlated. Patients with mild diseases consume higher amounts of flavonoids than patients with severe diseases. Low dietary flavonoids were related to a considerable risk of severe IBD.

Keywords: Activity of IBD; Dietary Flavonoid Consumption; Inflammatory Bowel Disease; Overall Disease Severity.