Phyllanretiosides A and B: Two Undescribed Compounds from Phyllanthus Reticulatus with Nitric Oxide Production Inhibition and Antimicrobial Activity

Chem Biodivers. 2024 Dec;21(12):e202401608. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202401608. Epub 2024 Oct 21.

Abstract

Phytochemical study on the methanol extract of the leaves of Phyllanthus reticulatus led to the isolation of two new compounds, phyllanretiosides A (1) and B (2) together with ten known ones (3-12). Their chemical structures were determined by HR-ESI-MS, NMR, and ECD spectra in comparison with the literature. Three ellagitannins, phyllanretioside A (1), corilagin (3), and phyllanthusiin C (4) inhibited lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values of 63.2, 83.2, and 5.6 μM, respectively. In addition, compounds 1, 3, and 4 exhibited significantly antimicrobial activity (MICs: 16-128 μg/mL) towards some of seven microbial strains.

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Nitric oxide inhibition activity; Phyllanreticoside A; Phyllanreticoside B; Phyllanthus reticulatus.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / isolation & purification
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Anti-Infective Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-Infective Agents / isolation & purification
  • Anti-Infective Agents / pharmacology
  • Hydrolyzable Tannins / chemistry
  • Hydrolyzable Tannins / isolation & purification
  • Hydrolyzable Tannins / pharmacology
  • Lipopolysaccharides* / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Lipopolysaccharides* / pharmacology
  • Mice
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests*
  • Molecular Conformation
  • Molecular Structure
  • Nitric Oxide* / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Nitric Oxide* / biosynthesis
  • Nitric Oxide* / metabolism
  • Phyllanthus* / chemistry
  • Plant Extracts / chemistry
  • Plant Extracts / isolation & purification
  • Plant Extracts / pharmacology
  • Plant Leaves / chemistry
  • RAW 264.7 Cells
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Nitric Oxide
  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • Hydrolyzable Tannins
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Anti-Infective Agents
  • Plant Extracts