Ischemic Microenvironment-Targeted Bioinspired Lipoprotein Sequentially Penetrates Cerebral Ischemic Lesions to Rescue Ischemic Stroke

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024 Sep 18;16(37):49628-49639. doi: 10.1021/acsami.4c08966. Epub 2024 Sep 3.

Abstract

Reperfusion injury represents a significant impediment to recovery after recanalization in an ischemic stroke and can be alleviated by neuroprotectants. However, inadequate drug delivery to ischemic lesions impairs the therapeutic effects of neuroprotectants. To address this issue, an ischemic microenvironment-targeted bioinspired lipoprotein system encapsulating lipoic acid (LA@PHDL) is herein designed to sequentially penetrate ischemic lesions and be readily taken up by neurons and microglia. In transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse models, LA@PHDL accumulates rapidly and preferentially in the ischemic brain, with a 2.29-fold higher than the nontargeted nanoplatform in the early stage. Furthermore, LA@PHDL effectively restores neurological function, reduces infarct volume to 17.70%, prevents brain cell necrosis and apoptosis, and attenuates inflammation in tMCAO mouse models. This design presents new opportunities for delivering neuroprotectants to cerebral ischemic lesions to improve the outcome of an ischemic stroke.

Keywords: biomimetic lipoprotein; blood−brain barrier; ischemic microenvironment-targeted; ischemic stroke; reperfusion injury.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Brain Ischemia / drug therapy
  • Brain Ischemia / pathology
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / drug therapy
  • Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / pathology
  • Ischemic Stroke* / drug therapy
  • Ischemic Stroke* / metabolism
  • Ischemic Stroke* / pathology
  • Lipoproteins / chemistry
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Neuroprotective Agents / chemistry
  • Neuroprotective Agents / pharmacology
  • Neuroprotective Agents / therapeutic use
  • Thioctic Acid* / chemistry
  • Thioctic Acid* / pharmacology
  • Thioctic Acid* / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Thioctic Acid
  • Neuroprotective Agents
  • Lipoproteins