Early screening for chronic liver disease: impact of a FIB-4 first integrated care pathway to identify patients with significant fibrosis

Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 5;14(1):20720. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-66210-x.

Abstract

Liver fibrosis is often undetected whereas it is the determinant of liver-related mortality. We evaluate a pathway based on the systematic calculation of FIB-4 to screen for advanced hepatic fibrosis. Systematic calculation of FIB-4 was implemented in the centralized laboratory of a French University Hospital in 4 pilot departments. If ≥ 2.67, the FIB-4 result was returned to the prescribers, for patients between 18 and 70 years of age, with an incentive to measure liver stiffness by vibration controlled transient elastography. During a 2-years period, a FIB-4 was calculated in 2963 patients and 135 were ≥ 2.67 (4.6%). After exclusion of patients with a known cause of elevated FIB-4, 47 patients (34.8%) were eligible for elastography. Forty patients underwent elastography, but only 15% (7/47) at the spontaneous request of the referring physician. Fifteen patients were identified with significant fibrosis, among which 8 attended the scheduled specialist consultation, all with a confirmed diagnosis of cirrhosis. A sequential pathway based on the systematic calculation of FIB-4 enables the identification of patients with significant unknown liver fibrosis, allowing to refer them to specialized care. Raising awareness is essential to improve the care pathway.

Keywords: Care pathway; Elastography; FIB-4; Liver fibrosis.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Chronic Disease
  • Early Diagnosis
  • Elasticity Imaging Techniques* / methods
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Liver Cirrhosis* / diagnosis
  • Liver Cirrhosis* / pathology
  • Male
  • Mass Screening / methods
  • Middle Aged
  • Young Adult