Follicle-stimulating hormone promotes atrial fibrosis in menopausal women with atrial fibrillation

Shaojie Chen; Nan Wu; Yike Zhang; Zhiqiao Lin; Jiuzhou Chen; Huiyuan Qin; Hongwu Chen; Chang Cui; Gang Yang; Minglong Chen

doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.09.022

Follicle-stimulating hormone promotes atrial fibrosis in menopausal women with atrial fibrillation

Heart Rhythm. 2024 Sep 14:S1547-5271(24)03320-4. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.09.022. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Division of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing China.
² Division of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing China. Electronic address: cuichang@njmu.edu.cn.
³ Division of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing China; Division of Cardiology, Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital Chongqing Hospital, Chongqing, China. Electronic address: yanggang201201@163.com.

PMID: 39284398
DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.09.022

Abstract

Background: Postmenopausal women with atrial fibrillation (AF) exhibit a higher level of atrial fibrosis and a higher recurrence rate after ablation compared with men. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Objective: The purpost of this study was to investigate the mechanism through which menopause promotes atrial fibrosis.

Methods: In a prospective cohort of women with AF, regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between low-voltage area (LVA) and sex hormone levels. CREM-IbΔC-X mice, a spontaneous AF model, underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OVX). Electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and Masson staining were performed. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation was applied in male mice for 3 months. OVX was also applied in an angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced pressure overload mouse model, after programmed electrical stimulation and structural analyses. Bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to elucidate potential mechanisms.

Results: Women demonstrated a significantly higher LVA burden than men (P < .001). A positive correlation was observed between LVA burden and FSH level (P = .002). Mice in the OVX group exhibited a significantly higher incidence of AF (P = .040) and atrial fibrosis (P = .021) compared with the Sham group, which could be attenuated by adeno-associated virus encoding small interfering RNA against Fshr. In male CREM-IbΔC-X mice, FSH stimulation promoted the occurrence of AF (P = .035) and atrial fibrosis (P = .002). In Ang II-induced female mice, OVX prompted atrial fibrosis, increased AF inducibility, and shortened atrial effective refractory period, which could be attenuated with knockdown of Fshr. RNA-seq indicated mitochondrial dysfunction.

Conclusion: Postmenopausal women exhibited a higher LVA burden than men, which was positively correlated with FSH level. FSH promoted atrial fibrosis through oxidative stress.

Keywords: FSH; Fibrosis; Low-voltage area; Menopause; Oxidative stress.