Semicarbazone, thiosemicarbazone tailed isoxazoline-pyrazole: synthesis, DFT, biological and computational assessment

Future Med Chem. 2024;16(20):2073-2086. doi: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2394011. Epub 2024 Sep 18.

Abstract

Aim: A series of semicarbazone and thiosemicarbazone-tailed hybrids comprising pyrazole and acetylisoxazoline were prepared from (R)-carvone and characterized by technique spectroscopies Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), IR and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Density Functional Theory (DFT) determined the structural parameters. Their cytotoxic activity was evaluated in vitro against four human cancer cell lines.Methods & results: All the studied semi and thiosemicarbazone demonstrate a promising potential as anticancer agents. The mechanism of action of these compounds involves apoptosis in HT-1080 cells, supported by an increase in the level of caspase-3/7 activity, which also arrests the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. Molecular docking studies were performed to establish the potential of the most active compounds 4a and 5a. ADMET analysis showed appropriate pharmacokinetic properties, allowing structure prediction for anticancer activity.

Keywords: caspase-3/7; in silico; molecular docking; semicarbazone; thiosemicarbazone.

Plain language summary

[Box: see text].

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents* / chemical synthesis
  • Antineoplastic Agents* / chemistry
  • Antineoplastic Agents* / pharmacology
  • Apoptosis* / drug effects
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Density Functional Theory*
  • Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor*
  • Humans
  • Isoxazoles / chemical synthesis
  • Isoxazoles / chemistry
  • Isoxazoles / pharmacology
  • Molecular Docking Simulation*
  • Molecular Structure
  • Pyrazoles* / chemical synthesis
  • Pyrazoles* / chemistry
  • Pyrazoles* / pharmacology
  • Semicarbazones* / chemical synthesis
  • Semicarbazones* / chemistry
  • Semicarbazones* / pharmacology
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Thiosemicarbazones* / chemical synthesis
  • Thiosemicarbazones* / chemistry
  • Thiosemicarbazones* / pharmacology

Substances

  • Thiosemicarbazones
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Semicarbazones
  • Pyrazoles
  • Isoxazoles
  • pyrazole