Bats generate lower affinity but higher diversity antibody responses than those of mice, but pathogen-binding capacity increases if protein is restricted in their diet

PLoS Biol. 2024 Sep 24;22(9):e3002800. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002800. eCollection 2024 Sep.

Abstract

Bats are reservoirs of many zoonotic viruses that are fatal in humans but do not cause disease in bats. Moreover, bats generate low neutralizing antibody titers in response to experimental viral infection, although more robust antibody responses have been observed in wild-caught bats during times of food stress. Here, we compared the antibody titers and B cell receptor (BCR) diversity of Jamaican fruit bats (Artibeus jamaicensis; JFBs) and BALB/c mice generated in response to T-dependent and T-independent antigens. We then manipulated the diet of JFBs and challenged them with H18N11 influenza A-like virus or a replication incompetent Nipah virus VSV (Nipah-riVSV). Under standard housing conditions, JFBs generated a lower avidity antibody response and possessed more BCR mRNA diversity compared to BALB/c mice. However, withholding protein from JFBs improved serum neutralization in response to Nipah-riVSV and improved serum antibody titers specific to H18 but reduced BCR mRNA diversity.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / immunology
  • Antibodies, Viral* / immunology
  • Antibody Affinity
  • Antibody Diversity
  • Antibody Formation / immunology
  • Chiroptera* / immunology
  • Chiroptera* / virology
  • Diet, Protein-Restricted
  • Female
  • Influenza A virus / immunology
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C*
  • Nipah Virus / immunology
  • Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / immunology
  • Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / metabolism

Substances

  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing

Grants and funding

This work was supported by National Science Foundation (Rules of Life scheme EF-2133763/EF-2231624 to ARA and RKP, Coupled Natural Human Systems DEB-1716698 to RKP), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (PREEMPT program Cooperative Agreement D18AC00031 to RKP, ARA, TS), National Institutes of Health (R01 AI134768 to WM & TS and R01 AI109022 to HCA). The content of the information does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the U.S. government, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Funders played no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.