Pediatric Nail Disorders

Abstract

Background: Pediatric nail disorders encompass a broad range of conditions. This article aimed to consolidate current knowledge on pediatric nail disorders to enhance diagnostic proficiency and clinical management among healthcare professionals.

Summary: Pediatric nail disorders present a diagnostic challenge due to their diverse nature. Non-syndromic congenital nail disorders encompass various anomalies such as anonychia/hyponychia, congenital malalignment of the great toenail, and racket thumbs, each with distinct clinical presentations and genetic associations. Syndromic congenital nail disorders, often part of complex syndromes, are characterized by unique features and associated abnormalities. Acquired nail diseases in children, like Beau's lines and onychomadesis, typically result from trauma or infection, while melanonychia, although rare in children, requires careful monitoring for potential malignant alterations, with consideration for biopsy in cases with concerning features.

Key messages: (1) Pediatric nail disorders may pose diagnostic challenges and require a comprehensive understanding of nail anatomy and development. (2) Congenital nail disorders encompass isolated anomalies and syndromic associations, necessitating thorough evaluation for associated systemic conditions. (3) Acquired nail diseases may indicate underlying trauma or systemic illness and require careful assessment.(4) Melanonychia in children requires ongoing monitoring and evaluation, emphasizing the importance of consistent follow-up and histopathological examination when necessary.

Keywords: Koilonychia; Melanonychia; Nail infections; Non-syndromic congenital disorders; Pediatric nail disorders; Syndromic congenital nail disorders.