Intestinal tuberculosis commonly affects the ileocecal area and the terminal ileum, and is extremely rare in the rectum, with isolated rectal involvement being even rarer. This paper described a case of an isolated rectal tuberculoma in a female patient of 44 years old, Yi ethnicity, who was admitted to the hospital with abdominal distension and constipation. She had a history of hepatitis B virus infection. A colonoscopy revealed a rectal mass, and an endoscopic resection was performed. Post-operative pathological examination confirmed rectal tuberculosis, with no evidence of extra-rectal tuberculosis infection found. The final diagnosis was an isolated rectal tuberculoma. In cases where endoscopic examination suggests a rectal tumor, especially in patients with immunosuppressive conditions such as HIV or diabetes, the possibility of tuberculoma should be considered.
肠结核好发于回盲部、回肠末端等，极少见于直肠，单独累及直肠更是罕见。本文介绍1例孤立性直肠结核球患者：女，44岁，彝族，因腹胀、便秘入院，既往有乙型病毒性肝炎病史，肠镜提示直肠肿物，行内镜下切除术。术后病理检查提示直肠结核，未发现直肠外结核感染证据，最终诊断为孤立性直肠结核球。对于内镜检查提示直肠肿物，尤其合并有HIV、糖尿病等免疫功能抑制的疾病时，需考虑结核球可能。.