MPXV Infection Stimulates a More Robust and Durable Neutralizing Antibody Response Compared to MVA-BN Vaccination

Christopher N Selverian; Stephanie R Monticelli; Yakin M Jaleta; Gorka Lasso; Megan E DeMouth; Annalisa Meola; Jacob Berrigan; Thomas G Batchelor; Leandro Battini; Pablo Guardado-Calvo; Andrew S Herbert; Kartik Chandran; Eric Meyerowitz; Emily Happy Miller

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiae515

MPXV Infection Stimulates a More Robust and Durable Neutralizing Antibody Response Compared to MVA-BN Vaccination

J Infect Dis. 2024 Oct 18:jiae515. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiae515. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Christopher N Selverian¹, Stephanie R Monticelli^{2

3}, Yakin M Jaleta¹, Gorka Lasso¹, Megan E DeMouth¹, Annalisa Meola⁴, Jacob Berrigan¹, Thomas G Batchelor^{2

5}, Leandro Battini⁴, Pablo Guardado-Calvo⁴, Andrew S Herbert², Kartik Chandran¹, Eric Meyerowitz^{6

7}, Emily Happy Miller^{1

7}

Affiliations

¹ Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY, USA.
² Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
³ The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma WA, USA.
⁴ G5 Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
⁵ Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
⁶ Division of Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
⁷ Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

PMID: 39422181
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae515

Abstract

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has recently caused a global disease outbreak in humans. Differences in the neutralizing antibody response to vaccination vs. MPXV infection remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the neutralization of MPXV and VACV by sera from a cohort of convalescent and vaccinated individuals at 1- and 8-months post-exposure. Convalescent individuals displayed higher neutralizing antibody titers against MPXV than vaccinated and MPXV-naïve persons at one-month post-exposure. Neutralizing antibody titers had waned significantly in both groups at 8 months. This study suggests additional vaccine strategies are needed to elicit a durable humoral response and prevent breakthrough infections.

Keywords: humoral immunity; mpox; orthopoxviruses; vaccine response.

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