Strongyloidiasis is a rare systemic parasitic infection caused by the nematode, Strongyloides stercoralis, that is often insidious and may remain dormant for many years before progressing to fulminant hyperinfection in an immunocompromised host. In this report, we present a case of disseminated strongyloidiasis in a patient who underwent a deceased donor kidney transplantation 2 months prior to presentation. Our patient developed multisystem organ failure as well as secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and ultimately died despite extensive resuscitative efforts and antiparasitic treatments. This report highlights the importance of routine screening for parasitic diseases prior to organ transplantation, especially with donors from endemic regions of the world.
Keywords: ICU; critical care; kidney transplant; lungs; transplant surgery.