Effects of skin-to-skin contact on mental health outcomes in the parents of full-term newborns: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

J Affect Disord. 2025 Jan 15:369:1090-1098. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.10.065. Epub 2024 Oct 22.

Abstract

Background: The postpartum period can be emotionally challenging for parents, with documented levels of anxiety, stress, and depression. While the benefits of skin-to-skin contact (SSC) are well-known, its impact on the mental health of parents of full-term newborns has been less studied.

Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of SSC in mental health outcomes in the parents of full-term newborns.

Methods: In this systematic review, a comprehensive search was conducted to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing SSC versus no SSC and assessing mental health outcomes. Meta-analyses were performed whenever possible, and the GRADE approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence.

Results: We included 9 RCTs with 1201 participants. Regarding the risk of bias, the most affected domains were selective reporting, blinding, and allocation concealment. Regarding parental anxiety, SSC may reduce it at short-term, while it is unsure its effect at mid-term and it may not have any effect at long-term. Regarding Psychological stress, SSC may not have an impact at mid- and long-term. Regarding delivery-related post-traumatic stress symptoms, SSC may not have an impact at short-, mid-, and long-term. Regarding depressive symptoms, the evidence is uncertain at short- and mid-term.

Limitations: For the assessed outcomes, certainty of the evidence was low or very low.

Conclusion: SSC may reduce parental anxiety at short-term, while it may not have an impact in psychological stress and delivery-related post-traumatic stress symptoms. Moreover, the evidence is uncertain regarding its effect in long-term anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Keywords: Anxiety; Depression; Depressive disorder; Kangaroo-mother care method; Mental health; Psychological well-being; Sadness (source: MeSH NLM).

Publication types

  • Systematic Review
  • Meta-Analysis

MeSH terms

  • Anxiety* / psychology
  • Depression / psychology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Kangaroo-Mother Care Method* / psychology
  • Mental Health
  • Parents* / psychology
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic*
  • Stress, Psychological / psychology