Uterine carcinosarcomas: A case series of 9 cases from a low-income country

Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Oct 4;103(40):e39773. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000039773.

Abstract

Rationale: Uterine carcinosarcomas (UCS) are rare aggressive biphasic tumors classified as a subtype of high-grade uterine carcinomas. However, these tumors have particular histopathological features and clinical behavior with worse prognosis than high-grade uterine carcinomas.

Patient concerns: The incidence of UCS is increasing and more studies are required to elucidate their clinical and histopathological characteristics. Herein, we report clinicopathological features of 9 cases of UCS in a low-income country.

Diagnoses: We retrospectively collected all cases of UCS at our Pathology Department over a period of 4 years. The diagnosis was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and hematoxylin and eosin-stained surgical specimens.

Interventions: Nine surgically treated cases of UCS have been registered, representing 12.67% of all uterine malignancies with a mean age of 58.88 years (range: 50-65 years). Abdominal pain and metrorrhagia were the main clinical presentations. The epithelial component of UCS was often a serous carcinoma (66.66%) and patients presented with large tumors (mean size of 9.24 cm, range of 5-19 cm), with advanced FIGO stages (stages III-IV) in 5/9 patients (55.55%).

Outcomes: Follow-up data were available in 5/9 patients among which only 2 were alive 2 and 25 months after the surgical treatment (overall survival of 40%).

Lessons: UCS are rare and aggressive uterine tumors with very poor prognosis especially in low-income countries.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Carcinosarcoma* / diagnosis
  • Carcinosarcoma* / epidemiology
  • Carcinosarcoma* / mortality
  • Carcinosarcoma* / pathology
  • Carcinosarcoma* / surgery
  • Developing Countries
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Poverty
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Uterine Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Uterine Neoplasms* / surgery