Progression of myocardial dysfunction and prediction of arrhythmic events in patients with exercise-induced arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy

Linda T Aaserud; Christine Rootwelt-Norberg; Christian K Five; Eivind W Aabel; Nina E Hasselberg; Erik Lyseggen; Kristina H Haugaa; Øyvind H Lie

doi:10.1016/j.hroo.2024.08.003

Progression of myocardial dysfunction and prediction of arrhythmic events in patients with exercise-induced arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy

Heart Rhythm O2. 2024 Aug 10;5(10):705-712. doi: 10.1016/j.hroo.2024.08.003. eCollection 2024 Oct.

Authors

Linda T Aaserud^{1

2

3}, Christine Rootwelt-Norberg^{2

3}, Christian K Five^{1

2

3}, Eivind W Aabel^{1

3}, Nina E Hasselberg^{1

3}, Erik Lyseggen¹, Kristina H Haugaa^{1

2

3}, Øyvind H Lie^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
² Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
³ ProCardio Center for Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.

Abstract

Background: Several reports exist of an acquired exercise-induced arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Little is known about myocardial disease progression and arrhythmia prediction in this population.

Objective: The study sought to explore the evolution of myocardial function and structure and its relation to incident life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (VA), to identify markers of impending events.

Methods: We included athletes (individuals with exercise doses >24 metabolic equivalent of task hours per week, >6 consecutive years, participating in organized and competitive sports) who had VA, absence of family history and known genetic variants associated with cardiac disease, and no other identified etiology, in a tertiary referral single-center, longitudinal cohort study of patients with exercise-induced arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (EiAC). Evolution of myocardial function and structure was assessed by repeated echocardiographic examinations during long-term follow-up. Life-threatening VA were assessed at baseline and during long-term follow-up.

Results: Forty-one EiAC patients (15% women, age 45 ± 13 years) were followed for 80 (interquartile range 48-115) months. There were no changes in myocardial function or structure in the overall population during follow-up. We observed high incidence rate and high recurrence rate of life-threatening VA in EiAC patients. Subtle deterioration of right ventricular function was strongly associated with subsequent first-time VA (odds ratio 1.12, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.25, P = .031, per 1% deterioration of right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain).

Conclusion: There were no clear changes in myocardial function or structure during follow-up in the overall population, but there was a high incidence rate and high recurrence rate of life-threatening VA. Subtle right ventricular deterioration by free wall longitudinal strain was a strong predictor of impending first-time life-threatening VA during follow-up.

Keywords: Athlete; Cardiomyopathy; Echocardiogram; Prediction; Ventricular arrhythmias.