Incineration of fly ash is a hazardous solid waste, and there are two types of furnaces used for production. The impact of furnace types on the properties and toxicity of incineration fly ash was studied. The resource utilization of incineration fly ash has been tested. The results showed that circulated fluidized bed (CFB) ash and grate (GF) ash were alkaline materials, dioxin content ranged between 98 and 359 ng-TEQ/kg, and heavy metals exceeded 7700 ppm. The leaching of Zn in CFB ash was 110.474 ppm, and that in the GF ash was 5.985 ppm. The chlorine content in GF ash was 27.07%, 2.7 times that of CFB ash. When the content was 5%, GF ash promoted cement grinding and improved the 3-day compressive strength of cement, which was 35.55% higher than the control sample. CFB ash generates hydrogen gas during the hydration process, causing volume cracking. When 20% GF ash was added, the hydration heat release peak appeared 10.5 h ahead of time. According to the Chinese standard GB 175-2023, the maximum dosages of CFB ash and GF ash in cement were 0.22 and 0.57%. There was no risk of excessive leaching of heavy metals. During cement production with CFB and GF ash, attention should be paid to the issues of chlorine and dioxins.