Carbon dot-graphene oxide-based luminescent nanosensor for creatinine detection in human urine

Mikrochim Acta. 2024 Nov 16;191(12):745. doi: 10.1007/s00604-024-06838-8.

Abstract

A fluorescence (FL)-based nanosensor has been devised for creatinine (CR) detection in human urine specimens. The proposed nanosensor utilized a nanocomposite (NC) of carbon dots (CDs) and graphene oxide (GO). The formation of CDs/GO NC reduced the CD FL emission (λexcitation = 390 nm, λemission = 461 nm) by ~ 75%. With the introduction of CR to the NC, the CD emission intensity was reinstated by approximately 70%. The linear detection range for CR was 10-5 to 0.1 mg dL-1 (R2 = 0.998), with a limit of detection of 4.3 × 10-2 mg dL-1. Additionally, CDs/GO NC exhibited outstanding consistency and specificity in recognizing CR within urine specimens from both healthy individuals and patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Bland-Altman assessment (utilizing 25 human urine specimens) displayed remarkable consensus (R2 = 0.995) among the FL approach and the benchmark Jaffe technique. This observation indicates the hands-on usefulness of the nanosensor for identifying CR in biological specimens.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Chronic kidney disease; Fluorescence assay; Fluorescence quenching; Nanosensing.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Carbon* / chemistry
  • Creatinine* / urine
  • Graphite* / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Limit of Detection*
  • Luminescent Measurements / methods
  • Nanocomposites / chemistry
  • Quantum Dots* / chemistry
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / diagnosis
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / urine
  • Spectrometry, Fluorescence / methods

Substances

  • Graphite
  • Creatinine
  • Carbon
  • graphene oxide