Comprehensive geriatric assessment guided radiotherapy in elderly patients with locally advanced rectal cancer-exploratory results on nonoperative cohort of a multicenter prospective study

Yue-Xin Yang; Yuan Tang; Ning Li; Yu Tang; Yun-Jie Cheng; Lin Yang; Hui Fang; Ning-Ning Lu; Shu-Nan Qi; Bo Chen; Shu-Lian Wang; Yong-Wen Song; Yue-Ping Liu; Ye-Xiong Li; Zheng Liu; Jian-Wei Liang; Hai-Zeng Zhang; Hai-Tao Zhou; Jun Wang; Wen-Yang Liu; Jing Jin

doi:10.1177/17588359241296386

Comprehensive geriatric assessment guided radiotherapy in elderly patients with locally advanced rectal cancer-exploratory results on nonoperative cohort of a multicenter prospective study

Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2024 Nov 19:16:17588359241296386. doi: 10.1177/17588359241296386. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Yue-Xin Yang¹, Yuan Tang², Ning Li², Yu Tang^{2

3}, Yun-Jie Cheng⁴, Lin Yang⁵, Hui Fang², Ning-Ning Lu², Shu-Nan Qi², Bo Chen², Shu-Lian Wang², Yong-Wen Song², Yue-Ping Liu², Ye-Xiong Li², Zheng Liu⁶, Jian-Wei Liang⁶, Hai-Zeng Zhang⁶, Hai-Tao Zhou⁶, Jun Wang⁴, Wen-Yang Liu⁷, Jing Jin^{8

7}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China.
² Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
³ Clinical Trials Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
⁴ Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
⁵ Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
⁶ Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
⁷ Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan Nanli 17, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China.
⁸ Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 113 Baohedadao, Longgang District, Shenzhen 518116, China.

Abstract

Background: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the main treatment for elderly patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer who are ineligible for or decline surgery, but the optimal modality remains unclear.

Objectives: This study was to validate the safety and efficacy of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) guided radiotherapy in older patients.

Design: An exploratory analysis of a single-arm, multicenter, Phase II trial.

Methods: Patients aged over 70 and diagnosed with rectal cancer were enrolled and evaluated by CGA. CGA-guided radiotherapy was individually conducted in a multidisciplinary setting. Patients in fit, intermediate, and frail groups were scheduled to receive CRT, long-course radiotherapy, and short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) alone respectively. Patients who were unfit for or refused surgery were analyzed for acute toxicities and survival outcomes.

Results: In a total of 109 enrolled patients, 47 individuals who did not undergo surgery were included, with 26, 9, and 12 categorized into fit, intermediate, and frail groups. Only 11 (23.4%) grade 3 or above toxicities were observed overall. Within a median follow-up of 69.0 months, the 3-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates were 44.3% (95% CI: 32.1%-61.2%), 25.5% (95% CI: 15.7%-41.6%) and 61.0% (95% CI: 47.8%-77.6%) in total. The 5-year OS, PFS, and CSS reached 15.0% (95% CI: 7.4%-30.3%), 14.6% (95% CI: 7.3%-29.4%), and 36.2% (95% CI: 22.0%-59.4%), with no significant difference among the three subgroups. SCRT (p < 0.001) and dose boost (p = 0.045) contributed to lower tumor-related death rates in multiple competing risk regressions.

Conclusion: Radiotherapy guided by CGA was effective and well-tolerated in non-surgical elderly patients. SCRT alone seemed to achieve similar clinical outcomes as CRT in corresponding subgroups. However, given the limited size of this study, further investigation in a larger population is still needed for this strategy.

Keywords: chemoradiotherapy; comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA); elderly patients; inoperable; rectal cancer.