Application of recycled battery graphite decorated with poly hippuric acid/ multiwalled carbon nanotubes as an ecofriendly sensor for serotonin

Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 26;14(1):29304. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80673-y.

Abstract

A novel modified sensor based on electropolymerization of hippuric acid (HA) using cyclic voltammetry within the potential window - 1 to 1.5 V for 10 cycles at a scan rate 100 mV s-1 over multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on battery graphite electrode (BGE). Poly (HA)/MWCNTs/BGE sensor exhibited two linearity ranges 3.00 × 10-3 to 1.00 µM (5.29 × 10-4 - 0.18 µg/ml) and 5.00 to 1.00 × 103 µM (0.88- 176.22 µg/ml) with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.06 × 10-2 µM (1.06 × 10-4 µg/ml) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.00 × 10-3 µM (3.52 × 10-4 µg/ml). The poly (HA)/MWCNTs/BGE sensor was successfully applied to the determination of SER in the presence of tryptophan and in human blood serum with recovery ranges 98.31-105.47% with RSD values 3.02- 4.77%. Green chemistry metrics : national environmental index (NEMI), analytical greenness metric (AGREE), Raynie and Driver, green analytical procedure index (GAPI), and the analytical eco-scale were employed and indicated that the proposed sensor can be classified as an excellent green method, achieving an analytical eco-scale score of 84.

Keywords: Electropolymerization; Hippuric acid; Modified electrodes.; Sensors; Serotonin.

MeSH terms

  • Biosensing Techniques / instrumentation
  • Biosensing Techniques / methods
  • Electric Power Supplies
  • Electrochemical Techniques / methods
  • Electrodes*
  • Graphite* / chemistry
  • Green Chemistry Technology / methods
  • Hippurates* / blood
  • Humans
  • Limit of Detection
  • Nanotubes, Carbon* / chemistry
  • Polymers / chemistry
  • Serotonin* / analysis
  • Serotonin* / blood

Substances

  • Nanotubes, Carbon
  • Graphite
  • Hippurates
  • Serotonin
  • hippuric acid
  • Polymers