Exploring time-killing and biofilm inhibition potential of bioactive proteins extracted from two varieties of Pleurotus ostreatus

Reena Gangwar; Mohamed M Salem; Vineet Kumar Maurya; Mounir M Bekhit; Nisha Singh; Amro Abd Al Fattah Amara; Ram Kumar Sahu; Mohamed A Ibrahim

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1456358

Exploring time-killing and biofilm inhibition potential of bioactive proteins extracted from two varieties of Pleurotus ostreatus

Front Microbiol. 2024 Nov 12:15:1456358. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1456358. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Botany and Microbiology, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, India.
² College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
³ Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, India.
⁵ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India.
⁶ Department of Protein Research, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Universities and Research Centre District, New Borg El-Arab, Egypt.
⁷ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Chauras Campus, Tehri Garhwal, India.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Introduction: Dental caries, caused by oral microbial pathogens, are a global health concern, further exacerbated by the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Bioactive proteins and peptides (BAPs) exhibit potent antimicrobial properties, targeting multiple cellular mechanisms within pathogens, reducing the likelihood of resistance development. Given the antimicrobial potential of BAPs, this study aimed to compare the efficacy of BAPs extracted from cultivated (Pleurotus ostreatus, PoC) and wild (Pleurotus ostreatus, PoW) mushrooms against pathogens responsible for dental caries.

Methods: BAPs were extracted from both PoC and PoW using a TCA-acetone method. Antimicrobial activities were tested against seven bacteria and one fungus using agar well diffusion and MIC determination. Antibiofilm activity was assessed via modified CV assay, while DPPH and erythrocyte lysis tests evaluated free radical scavenging.

Results: PoC showed superior antimicrobial efficacy, with lower MIC and MBC values, and disrupted biofilm integrity at increasing concentrations. PoW exhibited better antioxidant activity with higher DPPH scavenging, though its antimicrobial efficacy was slightly lower than PoC.

Discussion: Both PoC and PoW BAPs inhibited dental pathogens, with PoC showing stronger inhibition against MRSA and nystatin-resistant Candida albicans. This suggests BAPs may target additional cellular mechanisms beyond membranes, PBPs, and ergosterols. Despite PoW's stronger antioxidant properties, both BAPs had comparable antibiofilm activity. These findings suggest complementary actions of BAPs from PoC and PoW both, in treating dental caries, offering broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antioxidant benefits.

Keywords: MRSA; Pleurotus ostreatus; antibiofilm; antihemolytic; antimicrobial; bioactive peptides; nystatin resistant; time-kill.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was supported by the Researchers Supporting Project (RSP-2024R986) at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, which funded the Article Processing Charge (APC) of this publication.