Incarcerated at Birth: An Integrative Review of Prison Nurseries in the United States

Bailey E Martin; Randi Bates; Kelly Kelleher; Samantha Boch

doi:10.1097/JPN.0000000000000883

Incarcerated at Birth: An Integrative Review of Prison Nurseries in the United States

J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2024 Nov 15. doi: 10.1097/JPN.0000000000000883. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Bailey E Martin¹, Randi Bates, Kelly Kelleher, Samantha Boch

Affiliation

¹ Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Ohio (Ms Martin and Drs Bates and Boch); Center for Child Health Equity and Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus Ohio (Dr Kelleher); Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio (Dr Kelleher); and James M Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Ohio (Dr Boch).

PMID: 39616402
DOI: 10.1097/JPN.0000000000000883

Abstract

Purpose: To conduct an integrative review of extant literature on prison nursery programs in the United States.

Background: About 4-10% of U.S. women entering prison are pregnant. In response, several state prisons have developed nurseries to promote maternal-infant outcomes and reduce recidivism. Unfortunately, little is known about the current state of the science related to prison nurseries.

Methods: Guided by Whittemore and Knafl's methodology, a literature search was conducted in June 2023 for peer-reviewed articles using PubMed, CINAHL, MedLINE, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, socINDEX, and Academic Search Complete. Broad keywords were used ("prison" or "incarceration" or "inmate") and ("nursery" or "nursery residential center"). Included articles were U.S.-based, peer-reviewed, and specific to prison nurseries.

Results: The search yielded 216 articles, 10 of which were included for final review and synthesis. Using the Johns Hopkins Evidence Level and Quality Guide, the level of evidence ranged from low to moderate. Themes include (1) benefits to maternal-child attachment and bonding, (2) institutional barriers and challenges to maternal-child attachment and bonding and (3) beneficial maternal justice and custodial outcomes.

Conclusions: Prison nurseries are a promising intervention to promote mother-infant outcomes. These programs promote positive maternal-infant attachment and bonding, help mothers maintain custody of their children, and reduce recidivism.

Implications for practice: There is a need to standardize nursery program characteristics to maximize benefits and promote equity. Better investment in longitudinal, quasi-experimental, and qualitative research is needed.