Rapid and Safe Neutralization Assay for Circulating H5N1 Influenza Virus in Dairy Cows

Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2024 Dec;18(12):e70048. doi: 10.1111/irv.70048.

Abstract

Rapid and safe neutralization assays are required for highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, including a clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 subtype recently found in cows. Here, we report a neutralization assay using luminescent virus-like particles. This assay has lower biosafety requirements and provides a larger dynamic range than conventional methods. We applied this technique to evaluate the cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies induced by clade 2.3.4.4b candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs) with the cow-derived H5N1 virus. Our findings indicate that these CVVs share antigenic characteristics with the cow-derived H5N1 virus, suggesting the potential efficacy of vaccines developed using these CVVs.

Keywords: H5N1; dairy cows; hiVLP; neutralization assay.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing* / blood
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing* / immunology
  • Antibodies, Viral* / blood
  • Cattle
  • Cattle Diseases / diagnosis
  • Cattle Diseases / immunology
  • Cattle Diseases / virology
  • Cross Reactions
  • Female
  • Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype* / immunology
  • Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype* / isolation & purification
  • Influenza Vaccines / administration & dosage
  • Influenza Vaccines / immunology
  • Neutralization Tests* / methods
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections* / immunology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections* / veterinary
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections* / virology

Substances

  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Influenza Vaccines