Rapid test for hepatitis B core-related antigen to identify people living with hepatitis B having high viral load in Cameroon

Virology. 2025 Jan:602:110316. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110316. Epub 2024 Nov 26.

Abstract

This study presents a retrospective assessment of the diagnostic performance of the newly developed hepatitis B core-related antigen rapid diagnostic test (HBcrAg-RDT) in detecting plasma samples with elevated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels (≥200,000 IU/ml) in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Samples were collected consecutively from treatment-naïve adults living with HBV between January 1, 2021, and June 30, 2023. Analyzing 146 samples from participants with a median age of 36 years, the HBcrAg-RDT exhibited a sensitivity of 97.5% (95% CI: 86.8-99.9) and a specificity of 77.4% (68.2-84.9) when compared to real-time PCR as the reference standard. These findings suggest that HBcrAg-RDT holds promise as a valuable point-of-care tool for diagnosing high HBV DNA levels, particularly in resource-limited settings. Further research will refine its practicality and effectiveness.

Keywords: Africa; Elimination; Hepatitis B core-related antigen; Point-of-care tests; Sensitivity and specificity; Validation studies.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Cameroon / epidemiology
  • DNA, Viral* / blood
  • Female
  • Hepatitis B Core Antigens* / blood
  • Hepatitis B Core Antigens* / immunology
  • Hepatitis B virus* / genetics
  • Hepatitis B virus* / immunology
  • Hepatitis B virus* / isolation & purification
  • Hepatitis B* / blood
  • Hepatitis B* / diagnosis
  • Hepatitis B* / virology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sensitivity and Specificity*
  • Viral Load*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • DNA, Viral
  • Hepatitis B Core Antigens