MRI management of NMOSD and MOGAD: Proposals from the French Expert Group NOMADMUS

Abstract

Background: Currently, there are no available recommendations or guidelines on how to perform MRI monitoring in the management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). The issue is to determine a valuable MRI monitoring protocol to be applied in the management of NMOSD and MOGAD, as previously proposed for the monitoring of multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: The objectives of this work are to establish proposals for a standardized and feasible MRI acquisition protocol, and to propose control time points for systematic MRI monitoring in the management of NMOSD and MOGAD.

Methods: A steering committee composed of 7 neurologists and 5 neuroradiologists, experts in NMOSD and MOGAD from the French group NOMADMUS, defined 8 proposals based on their expertise and a review from the literature. These proposals were then submitted to a Rating Group composed of French NMOSD / MOGAD experts.

Results: In the management of NMOSD and MOGAD, a consensus has been reached to perform systematic MRI of the brain, optic nerve and spinal cord, including cauda equina nerve roots, at the time of diagnosis, both without and after gadolinium administration. Moreover, it has been agreed to perform a systematic MRI scan 6 months after diagnosis, focusing on the area of interest, both without and after gadolinium administration. For long-term follow-up of NMOSD and MOGAD, and in the absence of clinical activity, it has been agreed to perform gadolinium-free MRI of the brain (+/- optic nerves) and spinal cord, every 36 months. Ideally, these MRI scans should be performed on the same MRI system, preferably a 3T MRI system for brain and optic nerve MRI, and at least a 1.5T MRI system for spinal cord MRI.

Conclusions: This expert consensus approach provides physicians with proposals for the MRI management of NMOSD and MOGAD.

Keywords: Disease management; MOGAD, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NMOSD, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; Recommendations.