ALIGNMENT OF PREP USE WITH POTENTIAL HIV EXPOSURE IN YOUNG WOMEN AND MEN IN UGANDA

Linxuan Wu; Timothy Ssebuliba; Timothy R Muwonge; Felix Bambia; Gabrielle Stein; Olivia Nampewo; Oliver Sapiri; B Jay Goetz; Kerri J Penrose; Urvi M Parikh; Andrew Mujugira; Renee Heffron

doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000003573

ALIGNMENT OF PREP USE WITH POTENTIAL HIV EXPOSURE IN YOUNG WOMEN AND MEN IN UGANDA

J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2024 Dec 4. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003573. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Linxuan Wu^{1

2}, Timothy Ssebuliba³, Timothy R Muwonge³, Felix Bambia³, Gabrielle Stein², Olivia Nampewo³, Oliver Sapiri³, B Jay Goetz⁴, Kerri J Penrose⁴, Urvi M Parikh⁴, Andrew Mujugira^{2

3}, Renee Heffron^{2

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
² Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
³ Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
⁴ School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
⁵ Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

PMID: 39630076
DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003573

Abstract

Background: Despite high oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among young heterosexual cisgender women, early discontinuation is frequent. It is unclear whether this aligns with potential HIV exposure.

Methods: Young women 16-25 years and ≥1 of their male partners were enrolled in separate but linked longitudinal HIV PrEP studies in Kampala, Uganda from 2018-2021. Data on sexual behavior, PrEP use, STI positivity, and Y chromosome DNA (Yc DNA; a marker for condomless sex) were collected at enrollment and quarterly visits. Potential HIV exposure was defined as one of the following in the past 3 months: any STI, detection of Yc DNA, condomless vaginal sex, or multiple sex partners. Alignment between potential HIV exposure and PrEP use by participants was examined using GEE regression.

Results: 88 young women (median age=20.6, IQR 19.5-22.0) and 124 male partners (median age=23.5, IQR 21.0-26.0) were included. Women and men were dispensed PrEP in 66.9% and 60.5% of their first linked visits, respectively. PrEP dispensation was more common when women or men self-reported condomless vaginal sex and multiple sex partners, or when women had Yc DNA detected in vaginal swabs. Men's self-report of multiple partners (aPR=1.56, p=0.012) and the detection of Yc DNA (aPR=1.52, p=0.040) were significantly associated with women's PrEP dispensation.

Conclusions: Women and their male partners may align their PrEP use with their HIV risk behaviors, providing some reassurance that PrEP discontinuation in young people often aligns with sexual behavior. Greater attention to measurement of and mismatches in PrEP discontinuation and potential HIV exposure is needed.