Perceived Health Concerns and Barriers to Care in Persons With Overweight and Obesity: A Patient Survey

J Prim Care Community Health. 2024 Jan-Dec:15:21501319241303608. doi: 10.1177/21501319241303608.

Abstract

Objectives: To identify patient characteristics, health concerns, and barriers to care based on overweight or obesity.

Methods: A 50-question anonymous survey was administered to patients. Data were compared by body mass index (BMI).

Results: Among 3976 distributed surveys, 899 were returned and 682 were analyzed. Most respondents were women (60%), White (94%), and married/partnered (65%) and had some college education (80%). Younger and unmarried persons had higher BMI (P < .001). Concern for quality of life (P < .001) and importance of lifestyle changes (P = .006) increased with BMI, but confidence in making changes decreased as BMI increased (P < .001). Perceived good health decreased with increasing BMI (P < .001), whereas depression and other comorbid conditions increased. Self-esteem decreased and stigma increased with higher BMI (both P < .001). Weight discussions with clinicians (P < .001) and belief that clinicians should be involved in weight management (P = .002) increased with BMI, yet self-perception of being judged by clinicians also increased (P < .001). As BMI increased, delays in seeking health care increased (P < .001).

Conclusions: This survey study highlights perceived health concerns and barriers to care among persons with overweight and obesity. With higher BMI, self-esteem decreased, and stigma, self-perception of poor health, perception of being judged by clinicians, and delay in seeking medical care increased.

Keywords: health care; obesity; patient perspective; survey; weight shame.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Body Mass Index*
  • Female
  • Health Services Accessibility*
  • Health Status
  • Humans
  • Life Style
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Obesity* / epidemiology
  • Obesity* / psychology
  • Obesity* / therapy
  • Overweight* / epidemiology
  • Overweight* / psychology
  • Overweight* / therapy
  • Quality of Life*
  • Self Concept*
  • Social Stigma
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Young Adult