A longitudinal study of alcohol consumption among adults in Victoria, Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic

PLoS One. 2024 Dec 9;19(12):e0313599. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313599. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Objectives: Whilst public health measures were effective in reducing COVID-19 transmission, unintended negative consequences may have occurred. This study aims to assess changes alcohol consumption and the heavy episodic drinking (HED) during the pandemic.

Methods: Data were from the Optimise Study, a longitudinal cohort of Australian adults September 2020-August 2022 that over-sampled priority populations at higher risk of contracting COVID-19, developing severe COVID-19 or experiencing adverse consequences of lockdowns. Frequency of alcohol consumption (mean number of days per week) and past-week HED were self-reported. Generalised linear models estimated the association between time and (1) the frequency of alcohol consumption and (2) heavy episodic drinking.

Results: Data from 688 participants (mean age: 44.7 years, SD:17.0; 72.7% female) and 10,957 surveys were included. Mean days of alcohol consumption per week decreased from 1.92 (SD: 1.92) in 2020 to 1.54 (SD:1.94) in 2022. The proportion of participants reporting HED decreased from 25.4% in 2020 to 13.1% in 2022. During two lockdown periods, known as "lockdown five", (OR:0.65, 95%CI [0.47,0.90]) and "lockdown six" (OR:0.76, 95%CI [0.67,0.87]), participants were less likely to report HED.

Conclusions: Participants alcohol drinking frequency and HED decreased during the pandemic. This study provides a strong description of alcohol consumption during the pandemic and suggests that lockdowns did not have the unintended consequences of increased alcohol consumption.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Alcohol Drinking* / epidemiology
  • COVID-19* / epidemiology
  • COVID-19* / prevention & control
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pandemics
  • SARS-CoV-2 / isolation & purification
  • Victoria / epidemiology
  • Young Adult

Grants and funding

Optimise received funding support from the Victorian Government Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, the Victorian Department of Health, the Macquarie Group Foundation, and Burnet Institute donors. Funders did not have a role in the study design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, nor preparation of the manuscript. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution to this work of the Victorian Operational Infrastructure Support Program received by the Burnet Institute. M.H. and K.B.G receive funding support from National Health and Medical Research Council Investigator grants. M.L. is funded by an ARC Future Fellowship. M.H., M.S. and A.P. have received investigator-initiated research funding from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie. M.S. and A.P. have received consultant fees from Gilead Sciences for activities unrelated to this work.